Resources

Major pneumonia reports

Pneumonia & Diarrhea Progress Report, International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), John Hopkins University, 2024

The Missing Piece (Revised): Why the global pandemic is an inflection point for pneumonia control, Every Breath Counts, 2021

Trends in International Development Assistance to combat Pneumonia, Development Initiatives, 2020

The Missing Piece: Why continued neglect of pneumonia threatens the achievement of health goals, JustActions, 2018

Sizing Up Pneumonia Investment, University of Southhampton, 2018

Fighting for Breath: A call to action to stop children dying of pneumonia, Save the Children, 2017 (English French Spanish)

Country oxygen plans

Cambodia

• Oxygen Preparedness Plan, 2022-2025, Ministry of Health

Cameroon (coming)

• Read, Functional availability of medical oxygen for the management of hypoxaemia in Cameroon: A nationwide facility-based cross-sectional survey, Journal of Global Health, May 2024

Democratic Republic of Congo 

• National Roadmap for Scaling Up the Availability of Medical Oxygen and Pulse Oximeters in Health Facilities in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2021-2025, Ministry of Health

Eswatini

• National Medical Oxygen Operational Plan, 2023-2025, Ministry of Health

Ethiopia

• Ethiopian Medical Oxygen Roadmap II, 2022-2027, Ministry of Health
• National Medical Oxygen and Pulse Oximetry Scale Up Road Map, 2016-2021, Ministry of Health
• Oxygen Supply Chain Management Guideline, 2023
• Medical Oxygen Plant Administrative Directive, 2023
• National Medical Oxygen and Devices Supply Planning and Forecasting Tool, 2023

Ghana

• National Medical Oxygen Policy, 2023, Ministry of Health
• Oxygen Operational Development Plan Framework, Ministry of Health
• Oxygen Operational Plan, Ministry of Health

Lao PDR

• Lao PDR’s Experience Managing COVID-19, 2020, Ministry of Health

Lesotho 

• National Medical Oxygen Strategy and Scale-up Plan, 2023-2028, Ministry of Health

Liberia

• National Roadmap to Increase Access to Medical Oxygen in Liberia, 2021-2024, Ministry of Health

Madagascar

• Plan Strategique Nationale pour L’Oxygenotherapie, 2021-2023, Ministry of Health

Malawi

• Malawi National Medical Oxygen Ecosystem Roadmap, 2021-2026, Ministry of Health
• From production to patient: A roadmap to strengthen oxygen access in Malawi, 2022, PATH

Nigeria

• National Strategy for the Scale-up of Medical Oxygen in Health Facilities, 2023-2027, Ministry of Health
• National Policy on Medical Oxygen in Health Facilities, 2017-2022, Ministry of Health
• National Strategy for Scale up of Medical Oxygen in Health Facilities, 2017-2022, Ministry of Health

Rwanda

• National Oxygen Roadmap, 2021, Ministry of Health
• Closing the Oxygen Gap, Rwanda Biomedical Centre

Tanzania

• National Oxygen Plan, 2022, Ministry of Health

Uganda

• National Scale-up of Medical Oxygen Implementation Plan, 2018-2022, Ministry of Health

Vietnam

• National Oxygen Strategy (COVID-19 patients), 2021, Ministry of Health

Zambia

• Zambia National Medical Oxygen Strategic Plan, 2022-2026, Ministry of Health

National medical oxygen strategies/plans currently under development

Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ecuador, Kenya,* Lebanon, Pakistan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tunisia

*Note the Kenya Ministry of Health has also released several documents relating to medical oxygen, including:

• Guidelines on Production, Delivery, and Equipments, 2024
• Technical Specifications for Devices and Equipments, 2024
• Technical Review on Oxygen Supply, 2020

Somalia and Afghanistan have conducted workshops that produced excellent reports including:

• Afghanistan Oxygen Scale-up Partners Workshop Report (2024)
• Somalia Oxygen Scale-up Partners Workshop Report (2024)

Childhood pneumonia evidence reviews

From the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI) and the University of Melbourne, 2022-2023

• Impact of PCV10 or PCV13 on severe pneumonia hospitalisation rates and mortality in children 0-9 years old
• Risk factors for child pneumonia death in low- and middle-income countries
• Impact of the introduction of PCV 10 and PCV13 on antimicrobial-resistant pneumococcal disease and carriage
• Treating child pneumonia in low-resource settings without antibiotics
• Utility of chest x-ray and lung ultrasound in the management of children with severe pneumonia in low-and middle-income countries
• Slow progress in pneumonia control for children in low-and-middle income countries as measured by pneumonia indicators

• Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for severe pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries
• Clinical, epidemiological and demographic predictors of tuberculosis in children with pneumonia
• Clinical features of pneumonia in children aged 5-9 years; implications for guidelines and research
• Review of the role of additional child pneumonia treatments including oseltamivir, oral steroids, macrolides, and vitamin supplementation
• Clinical outcomes of pneumonia with a penicillin-group resistant pneumococcus in respiratory and blood culture specimens in children in low- and middle-income countries
• Quality of care for children with acute respiratory infections in health facilities: comparative analysis of assessment tools
• Aetiology of childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries in the era of vaccination
• Childhood pneumonia in humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries